Detailed Lesson plan (sample lesson plan)

Dolores Carnahan, West Park School District, Fresno, CAA REVIEW OF AMERICAN HISTORYAppropriate for grades 4-8.

OVERVIEW: A good knowledge of the past is essential tounderstanding the present as well as the future. Students need toappreciate that the present comes from people and events from thepast and that history is a chronological record. To beresponsible citizens in the world today and tomorrow, studentsneed to comprehend the historical concepts of time and chronology,cause and effect, continuity and change, major historical eventsand periods, and the impact of religion, philosophy, and othermajor belief systems on history.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this lesson is to review the importanceHistorical events and time periods of United States history fromdiscovery to the present. Through the use of art, crafts, drama,music, and dance, students can acquire a better understanding ofthe important contributions of individuals as well as culturalgroups, and their impact on U.S. history. This lesson is used toculminate all the units studied during the year.

OBJECTIVES: Students will be able to:
1. Understand that life is influenced by man's physical environment, heritage, and cultural interchange.
2. Understand that people of all races, cultures, and religions have made a contributions to world history.
3. Develop a sense of pride and appreciation for their own as well as other's work.
4. Develop the ability to work well in groups as well as independently.

ACTIVITIES:

1. Students will write and illustrate a time line depicting major time periods or interesting facts. They can work in groups or independently to make single panels for a time line or use butcher paper to make longer ones.
2. Students decorate a shoe box into a mini-float showing their research. Use small toy figures, rocks, vehicles, sotto, and other materials for construction.
3. Children can pick an area of interest and write and/or act out a play or recite a speech (Ex. Gettysburg Address). Students can make a background and costumes reflecting the time period. Puppet shows are another good source especially for shy students.
4. Make dioramas or murals. These are best when done in small groups. Nothing beats the hands on approach.
5. Learn songs and dances of the different time periods. Patriotic songs will only be learned if taught as part of the curriculum.

RESOURCES/MATERIALS NEEDED: Some of the potential resources mightinclude: - American history textbooks
- Encyclopedia
- Books on plays
- Music books, tapes, and records
- Educational magazines and periodicals

TYING IT ALL TOGETHER: A year end program culminating the yearswork allows the students to perform and/or display their work toclassmates and parents. Display time lines, murals, dioramas, andfloats at Open House, school assemblies, or in the classroom. Children can act out plays, perform dances and/or sing songs fromthe era studied. A tape of patriotic songs can be played aspeople view the floats and awards for the best floats may be given.

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Sinulog Festival 2010 the most awaited

one of the biggest festival in philippines is the sinulog festival, In this year 2010 the sounds the color and the beauty of the patron saint of cebu, the child of Jesus - Sr. Sto nino. there are many activities that been prepared by the goverment of cebu city, there are sinulog grand parade and so on. As of now, there are many various city and provinces who confirmed that they will participate in the sinulog grand parade. we know that the first city of the philippines is the cebu city. lets see the wonderful and colorful parade in the philippines the sinulog festival.

the sinulog beauty of the philippines is, The Sinulog Foundation, with the theme One beat, One dance, One vision, has launched the Festival Queen. From all the dance maidens aging 16-24, search for the Sinulog’s best lead dancer has begun. A Festival Queen is the lead dancer of every participating contingent during this Sinulog 2006 and, yes, she has to be single. Her ability to move with grace and rhythm in accordance with the dance is the factor in winning her title. Furthermore, she will encourage her members to execute to their fullest level of performance.
She will catch the attention and interest of everyone on their own street dancing demonstration. She will bind together the extracts of creativity to the extent of up bringing the real identity of such traditional dance. Despite of the attachments to these great responsibilities, a Festival Queen has the privilege to bear in her hands the image of the Christ Child. She has become the resemblance of Queen Juana receiving the image of Sto. Niño. The latter can be traced back to the year 1521 wherein together with Rajah Humabon, Hara Amihan or Queen Juana received the image of the Sto. Niño from Magellan as a baptismal gift among the first Filipinos to be Christianized.

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oily face solution

Problem in oily face, there is a simple solution of that you can found in your house only. All you need is the 1 egg and calamansi, all you have to do is beat the egg and remove the egg yolk, and squeeze the calamansi to the egg white. Apply to your face and leave for 20 minutes. After 20 minutes wash your face with warm water apply this every twice a week.

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philippines trivia

• PHILIPPINES TRIVIA
  Cebu is the first Philippine City.
  Maria Teresa Calderon - World champion speed reader as listed in the Guiness Book of World Records
  In the Philippines, Filipinos were introduced to the English language in 1762 by British invaders, not Americans. Philippines is the world's 3rd largest English-speaking nation, next to the USA and the UK.
  Coconuts - the Philippines is considered to be the largest producer of coconuts
  Gemma Cruz was the first Filipina to win an international beauty title - Miss International 1964.
  Dan Inosanto - from Mike Robandido - Pinoy who taught Bruce Lee how to use arnis de mano.
  The second oldest philippine printing press next to Manila can be found in Pila Laguna. The first book printed was named Vocabulario Delengua Tagala - the philippines first filipino - spanish dictionary which was printed in 1613, 25 years older than the first book printed in the United States.
  The Philippine Basketball Association is Asia's premier and the world's second oldest professional league.
  After Happy Birthday, the song most sung in the Philippines is Lupang Hinirang, the national anthem.
  Philippine Airlines took to the skies on March 15, 1941, using a Beech Model 18 aircraft amid the specter of a global war. It became Asia's first airline.
  The world's largest pearl was discovered by a Filipino diver in a giant Tridacna (mollusk) under the Palawan Sea in 1934. Known as the "Pearl of Lao-Tzu", the gem weighs 14 pounds and measures 9 1/2 inches long and 5 1/2 inches in diameter. As of May 1984, it was valued at US$42 million. It is believed to be 600 years old.
  Alto Broadcasting System (ABS) Channel 3, the first television station in the country, went on the air in 1953.
  Fernando Amorsolo, a painter, was the first national artist declared by the Philippine government. The award was conferred on Amorsolo in April 1972, several days after his death.
  The world's second deepest spot underwater is in the Philippines. This spot, about 34,440 feet (10,497 meters) below the sea level, is known as the Philippine Deep or the Mindanao Trench. The Philippine Deep is in the floor of the Philippine Sea. The German ship Emden first plumbed the trench in 1927. The world's deepest part of the ocean is the Marianas Trench, which is over 11,000 meters below the seal level.
  The symbolic name for the Philippines, Juan dela Cruz, is not a Filipino invention? It was coined by R. McCulloch-Dick, a Scottish-born journalist working for the Manila Times in the early 1900s, after discovering it was the most common name in blotters
  Mayon is the most beautiful mountain I have ever seen, the world-renowned Fujiyama (Mt. Fuji) of Japan sinking into perfect insignificance by comparison. British traveler-writer A. Henry Savage Landor
  Ilo-Ilo golf and country club is the oldest golf club in the Philippines. It was built at 1908 by Irish Engineers.
  Emilio Aguinaldo lost to Manuel L. Quezon in the country's first presidential elections in 1935.
  Bagumbayan was the original name of Luneta Park.
  Of the 500 known coral species in the world, 488 are found in the Philippines.
  The Philippines is home to some of the world's most exotic birds. One of the most endangered species is the exotic Kalangay or the Philippine cockatoo (Cacatua haematuropygia), which belongs to Psittacidae or the family of parrots. Some cockatoos can live up to 50 years. They are known for mimicking human voices. Most of them measure 33 centimeters in length and weigh 0.29 kilogram.
  

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wedding

one of the best life of being a woman and man is being marriage, we know that every people want this dream. do you want to know your wedding dream there are many of wedding dresses. . this are only example of wedding dress for woman

In wedding the one of the glamorous event is the place, if you are looking for a right place it would be your desire place and elegant dream wedding, is hard one to manage especialy that you are looking for the right man, that you've been enjoying your entire life. if i have giving a chance to be a woman i want to a wdding a very special one. in the picture you can see an example of wedding dress this is one of the best gown ever. try to pick one that you like.

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Philippine Top Show (september 24, 2009)

1. may bukas pa 10.16%
2. tayong dalawa 10.11%
3. darna 8.35%
4. myx 7.07%
5. adik sayo 6.27%
6. rosalinda 5.27%
7. dahil may isang ikaw 4.68%
8. florinda 4.63% (new)
9. banana split 4.58%
10. ghost whisper 4.36%
11. hole in the wall 4.20%
12. wowowee 4.04%
13. precious romance present 3.94%
14. MMK 3.83%
15. kaps amazing story 3.30%
16. rated K 3.29%
17. katorse 3.14%
18. going bulilit 2.98%
19. super natural 2.92%
20. sharon 2.77%

total votes for top 20 : 1,879 votes

OTHERS:

• oprah
• asap 09
• miss no good
• SNN
• game KNB?
• pinoy big brother
• kung aagawin mo ang lahat sa akin
• Tv patrol world
• singing bee
• your song present
• bubble gang
• umagang kay ganda
• Y speak
• romantic princess
• kapuso mo jesika suho
• george and cecil
• The buzz
• bandila
• imbestigador
• vilma special
• brothers and sisters
• S.O.P
• SiS
• pinoy records
• agimat
• 24 oras
• greys anatomy
• shining inheritance
• wow hayop
• ugly betty
• xxx
• kiba
• naruto

last september 1, 2009 the top 1 was the myx with the rating of 6.25% now the philippine show may bukas pa is back being top 1 of the highest rating with a rating of 10.16% that have been a highest rating in zymotics magazine. and for the top 2 tayong dalawa with a rating 10.11%, the myx show is all about music know it is in the top 4 with the rating of 7.07%. the competition for the top 3 is a very difficult round you can vote us through txt... all you have to do is just txt "VOTE_(philippine show name) and send that to

Smart- 0910532224 for globe- 09165720820 your vote is serve as 3 votes per txt thank you. all in all votes are 2550 votes together votes of ndscp student.

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my one i love

My one I love

Adoniemar Doliguez

There are things that I can always confuse about this things, one night I imagine about my crush, I ask my self is this love that I always confuse or not. In morning every time that I imagine his face I always smile. My mother ask me why is that I always smile every morning? And I laugh loud… and answer there is nothing wrong if you are smiling. I’m just smile because my teacher told me that. A smile in a day makes the day complete. And my mother confuse about my action. And then I came to school early so that I see my crush. Every time I see him my day is complete. One time my friends ask me that I always smile even though I am alone. So I answer them that “do you know what love is like?” and they cannot answer me but instead, they leave me alone. One day my friend asks me that who is my crush? As she question me I blush and speechless. And she began to start to say! And I shock because she definitely knows who my crush is. After a month my friend told to my crush that there is the one who crush on him. After I knew this things I laugh and started a joke what is the purpose that I will crush you. During flag ceremony I did not attend because I am very disappoint, and then a miracle happen he went to our room and chichi if there is a person in the room. And I was very shame, I run to flag ceremony and attend. After a month again it started our graduation and it ends.

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Pride ness

“Pride ness”

Adoniemar Doliguez

Why there are people who are being pride even though you are the one who swallow your pride? Is that a good manner? I have a friend who is not being pride he is good, kind and most of all piety. We started as friend in school, and then he offer me a wisdom, yes a wisdom of God, I listen very well because I know that some day I need also this word of God. We’ve been friends for more than 1 year and 3 months. Because it change when I heard something in his mouth about. I well keep it as a secret because it is very confidential. I hurt very much as he says. And he change a lot, as I observe his attitude change his belief also have change… as a friend in 1 year and 3 months I talk to him, but he never refuse me, so it comes in my mind that he is very pride. I already swallow my pride in order that we become friends again. I have been guilty, for three times felt sorry he did not answer me. There are things that easy to forgive but there are things also that hard to forgive.

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affect of global warming

Affect of Global Warming

What is global warming? How can it affect us in its harm?

Global warming is the abundant phenomenon in the world; it is the melting of ice, Because of the temperature is very hot. Many countries are fallen this situation, somewhere in the North Pole. There are ices that have been melting. In Philippines country we Filipinos feel it and we only snub it. Did you know that if you are always snub there are causes that really can harm us. Example it can give skin cancer and the world would cover by water because of the melting of ice. The department of environment (DE) fined a solution about this problem. But there are people who are very hard headed… they make a rule that no more burning plastic but some people only follow the rest are not following. Don’t you know that we are also suffer this problem if I were you I follow it for the next generation. There is a song about the environment lead by the band. That tells that it is not bad to exist. But we need to see and feel the causes in every existing. Like here in Philippines we have many factories its advantage is there are many people that have work, and its disadvantage it can harm in air and water. And it’s called air pollution and water pollution. That can really affect us and harm us. What if we don’t have fishes because of water pollution we don’t have fish to eat and it would start the hunger. The fishes is important to the balance of ecosystem is the fishes are gone the ecosystem would be imbalance. There are tips to avoid the global warming.

>Avoid burning plastics, because it can burn our ozone layer the only protector to UVR that came from sun.

>Plant a tree so that our ecosystem would moisturize.

> Instead of using a car you can use bicycle, you are not only protecting the environment but it is a good exercise in our body.

As a youth the hand of the new destiny is in your hand, so starts the your day with a new you…

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Robin Padilla

the first man who been cover in the famous magazine in philippines the Fhm magaine. Mr. Robin Padilla... everyone know that FHM ever since they did not cover a boys but know for how many years have past they decided to cover Robin Padilla "the bad boy of the philippines". the Fhm latest edition conclude a shape shifter, who's afraid of the suit,20 pinoy mens of style.
try to buy its latest edition its already know published.

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How to avoid aids

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the causative agent of AIDS which primarily targets the human cells. This causes the human immune system to fail in its function, thus causing the body to be vulnerable to life-threatening infections and diseases. This virus is transmitted through sexual intercourse, contact with the infected blood in an open wound of an infected person, from an infected mother to the fetus during pregnancy or during childbirth, or through breastfeeding and contact with other body fluids like saliva, urine and sweat of an infected person. Being familiar with the modes of transmission leads us to knowing how to prevent acquiring the virus. Here are the most basic ways on how to avoid getting HIV: * Maintain a healthy sexual relationship. You need to maintain a healthy sexual relationship and be careful in choosing the person you have sex with. Make sure he/she is uninfected and preferably use condoms. Have a few partners or better yet, just be faithful to one partner. If possible, refrain from having sexual intercourse with people you do not know. It would be good to note that studies have shown that male circumcision reduces the risk of HIV in boys. Sexual education and counseling is also very important to help practice safer sexual behavior. * Be cautious in using needles, taking injections, blood contact and transfusions. Do not share supplies used in injecting drugs or medications. Always make sure that the needles and equipments used are new, safe and sterilized to avoid getting infected. After using these articles, immediately dispose of them. If you are a blood recipient, make sure that you have given consent for the procedure and that the blood donor is credible. Test all blood supplies for viruses and heat-treat the blood products where possible. Avoid unnecessary blood transfusions to reduce the risk of infection. For healthcare workers, you can reduce the risk of getting infected by practicing safety measures like washing hands, using sterile equipments and wearing protective barriers when coming in contact with the blood, body fluids of any patient. * Be aware and participate. The government and many other organizations have campaigns, programs, counseling and policies to promote a healthy lifestyle and to avoid acquiring the HIV virus. You have the responsibility to participate in these projects to help combat the spread of the disease. Through these programs you could also be educated and have a better understanding of the situation and be more knowledgeable on the prevention. * Learn how to prevent transmitting the disease to your child if you are a mother with HIV. An infected mother should consult professional help to seek medication and drug prescriptions to prevent the transmission to the baby. Antiretroviral drugs are usually taken to reduce chances of transmission during childbirth. Infected mothers should not breast feed their babies since the HIV virus can also be acquired through breastfeeding. * Be careful and be hygienic. Open wounds are sites of transmission so you must always keep wounds clean and protected. Avoid getting an open wound coming in contact with the body fluid, saliva and/or urine of an infected person. Generally, keep yourselves clean and protected. Several infected people do not immediately recognize they are infected until the disease gets worse. Unfortunately, there is still no vaccine or cure for HIV/AIDS. This is the very reason why we have to be familiar with its symptoms and be very careful not to acquire the virus. You do not have to be infected before you practice cautiousness.

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wondere girls

We all knew that that "Nobody" song by Korean pop group Wondergirls is irritating. But as it turns out, it is deathly irritating. Literally.

A frat brother was killed in Tondo last week exactly because of the said Korean pop song. The victim, Leo Santos, was seen to be buying cigarettes in the morning of the day he died. He then talked to four frat brothers. "The simple chat led to an argument when one of the brothers sang 'Nobody,'" Reports abs-cbnnews.com. "When Santos asked for the title of the song, he was reportedly beaten up and stabbed."

"Lasing sila non, parang adik pa yung iba" the witness, who goes by the name Jocelyn, tells ABS-CBN news.

The victim was rushed to the hospital but died because of the depth of the wound.

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Fhm cristine reyes interview

INTERVIEW: ALLAN HERNANDEZ
PHOTOGRAPHY: MARK NICDAO FOR WILDBUNCH
STYLING: MILLET ARZAGA, WARDROBE ANTICS
MAKEUP by JIGS MAYUGA of L’Oreal Paris
HAIR by VIANNEY GUESE of L’Oreal Paris Studio Line

It wasn’t scary at all, was it?
Well, now that it’s done, not anymore. But I was really scared a week before.

So scared you cried over it, say some news sources. Why?
It wasn’t so much that I would be doing the shoot, it was because I felt I needed to work out some more in preparation for the shoot. Natakot ako kasi di ba if I’m going to be on the cover dapat yung sexy talaga ako? Believe it or not, last week may bilbil ako. Kaya nag-crash diet ako. As in pag may nakahaing rice, isang kutsara lang ang kinakain ko para matikman ko lang siya!

We only set the whole thing rolling a week ago, yet we’ve been waiting three years for you.
Thank you, and I feel very flattered. It makes it even more special because I was still 15 back then. But h
This will officially be the day Cristine Reyes becomes a big sexy star. More than a hundred thousand copies out and there’s no taking them back.
Ako?! (Hesitates) Eh…yata…ewan! Hindi ko alam, ayokong magsabi na sexy ako! I mean, yung ginagawa ko kanina I can really say for myself na sexy yun. I myself was surprised when I saw the pictures—ako ba yan?! But there, that’s another reason I was so scared of being on the cover of FHM—mas takot ako kung anong sasabihin ng mga taong bibili ng FHM pag lumabas na siya.ere I am finally. What can I say? Thank you dahil sobrang naging patient kayo sa akin.

source: FHM.com.ph

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Greatest fashion

One of the great fashion is the one that we wear, here are kinds of the latest fashion wear year 2009. include weddings, shopping mall wear and the latest house wear. Even we are in our house we need to be pretty and look faboluos... so there are fashion wear you can choose here in Zymotics.blogspot.com

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International Model

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Camilla Barungi modeling at Fashion Week 2007
For fine-arts models, see Model (art).
A model (from Middle French modèle)[1], sometimes called a mannequin, is a person who is employed for the purpose of displaying and promoting fashion clothing or other products and for advertising or promotional purposes or who poses for works of art.
Modeling is distinguished from other types of public performance, such as an acting, dancing or mime artistry, although the boundary is not well defined. Appearing in a movie or a play is generally not considered to be modeling, regardless of the nature of the role. However, models generally have to express emotion in their photographs, and many models have also described themselves as actors. Models are generally not expected to verbally express themselves unless to visually enhance a photograph through the display of intense emotion.
Types of models include fashion, glamour, fitness, bikini, fine art, and body-part models.
Not all models are what would commonly be considered "beautiful": character models portray ordinary people and humorous types, mostly in print work and in commercials. Photo manipulation and cosmetic surgery also enable people with body imperfections to model and change their looks to suit a certain role. Many high fashion models have what could be called 'quirky' attributes and memorably unusual faces. High end brands often use these unusual faces as people are likely to remember their brand name and associate it with an interesting face.
Various representations of beauty and fashion using models have caused controversy and is known to have some social impact, particularly on young people - both male and female.
Male models receive overall less publicity and are often paid less than female models.

top model


1
May 20, 2003
Adrianne Curry
Shannon Stewart
Tessa Carlson, Katie Cleary, Nicole Panattoni, Ebony Haith, Giselle Samson, Kesse Wallace, Robin Manning, Elyse Sewell
10
Paris
2
January 13, 2004
Yoanna House
Mercedes Scelba-Shorte
Anna Bradfield, Bethany Harrison, Heather Blumberg, Jenascia Chakos, Xiomara Frans, Catie Anderson, Sara Racey-Tabrizi, Camille McDonald, April Wilkner, Shandi Sullivan
12
Milan
3
September 22, 2004
Eva Pigford
Yaya DaCosta
Magdalena Rivas, Leah Darrow, Julie Titus, Kristi Grommet, Jennipher Frost, Kelle Jacob, Cassie Grisham, Toccara Jones, Nicole Borud, Norelle Van Herk, Ann Markley, Amanda Swafford
14
Tokyo
4
March 2, 2005
Naima Mora
Kahlen Rondot
Brita Petersons, Sarah Dankleman, Brandy Rusher, Noelle Staggers, Lluvy Gomez, Rebecca Epley, Tiffany Richardson, Tatiana Dante, Michelle Deighton, Christina Murphy, Brittany Brower, Keenyah Hill
14
Cape Town
5
September 21, 2005
Nicole Linkletter
Nik Pace
Ashley Black, Ebony Taylor, Cassandra Whitehead, Sarah Rhoades, Diane Hernández, Coryn Woitel, Kyle Kavanagh, Lisa D'Amato, Kim Stolz, Jayla Rubinelli, Bre Scullark
13
London
6
March 8, 2006
Danielle Evans
Joanie Dodds
Kathy Hoxit, Wendy Wiltz, Kari Schmidt, Gina Choe, Mollie Sue Steenis-Gondi, Leslie Mancia, Brooke Staricha, Nnenna Agba, Furonda Brasfield, Sara Albert, Jade Cole
13
Bangkok
7
September 20, 2006
CariDee English
Melrose Bickerstaff
Christian Evans, Megan Morris, Monique Calhoun, Megg Morales, AJ Stewart, Brooke Miller, Anchal Joseph, Jaeda Young, Michelle Babin, Amanda Babin, Eugena Washington
13
Barcelona
8
February 28, 2007
Jaslene Gonzalez
Natasha Galkina
Kathleen DuJour, Samantha Francis, Cassandra Watson, Felicia Provost, Diana Zalewski, Sarah VonderHaar, Whitney Cunningham, Jael Strauss, Brittany Hatch, Dionne Walters, Renee Alway
13
Sydney
9
September 19, 2007
Saleisha Stowers
Chantal Jones
Mila Bouzinova, Kimberly Leemans, Victoria Marshman, Janet Mills, Ebony Morgan, Sarah Hartshorne, Ambreal Williams, Lisa Jackson, Heather Kuzmich, Bianca Golden, Jenah Doucette
13
Shanghai & Beijing
10
February 20, 2008
Whitney Thompson
Anya Kop
Kimberly Rydzewski, Atalya Slater, Allison Kuehn, Amis Jenkins, Marvita Washington, Aimee Wright, Claire Unabia, Stacy Ann Fequiere, Lauren Utter, Katarzyna Dolinska, Dominique Reighard, Fatima Siad
14
Rome
11
September 3, 2008
McKey Sullivan
Samantha Potter
ShaRaun Brown, Nikeysha Clarke, Brittany Rubalcaba, Hannah White, Isis King, Clark Gilmer, Lauren Brie Harding, Joslyn Pennywell, Sheena Satana, Elina Ivanova, Marjorie Conrad, Analeigh Tipton
14
Amsterdam
12
March 4, 2009
Teyona Anderson
Allison Harvard
Isabella Falk, Jessica Santiago, Nijah Harris, Kortnie Coles, Sandra Nyanchoka, Tahlia Brookins, London Levi-Nance, Natalie Pack, Fo Porter, Celia Ammerman, Aminat Ayinde
13
São Paulo
13
September 9, 2009[24]
TBA
TBA
Eliminated: Lisa Ramos
Still in the running:[25]Jennifer An, Lulu Baithwaithe, Courtney Davies, Rachel Echelberger, Nicole Fox, Ashley Howard, Laura Kirkpatrick, Sundai Love, Brittany Markert, Bianca Richardson, Kara Vincent, Erin Wagner, Rae Weisz
14
TBA

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Bilingual children have less exposure to each of their languages than monolingual children. As a result, they never master either language fully and,

Bilingual children can acquire the same proficiency in all aspects of their two languages over time as monolingual children even though they usually have less exposure to each language. Bilingual children acquire the same proficiency in the phonological and grammatical aspects of their two languages as monolingual children do in their one language, provided they are given regular and substantial exposure to each. Bilingual children may have somewhat different patterns of development in certain aspects of language in the short term. Vocabulary is one of those areas. Sometimes, young bilingual children know fewer words in one or both of their languages in comparison with monolingual children of the same age. This is probably because all young children have limited memory capacities, and bilingual children must store words from two languages, not just one. As well, because bilingual children learn words in each language from different people, they sometimes know certain words in one language but not in the other. When the vocabulary that bilingual children know in both languages is considered together, they generally know the same number of words and have the same range of vocabulary as their monolingual peers. Most importantly, when and if differences like these occur, they are short term and are likely to disappear by the time the children begin school.

Interpersonal communication is another area where bilingual children sometimes differ. The ways of communicating in certain social situations or of expressing certain meanings can be quite different in some languages. If bilingual children are acquiring such languages and they have not had full exposure to one or both of them, then they may not have acquired the ability to express these meanings or they may not be proficient in certain social situations. Given adequate and appropriate experience with their languages, most bilingual children quickly acquire all of the social language skills and ways of expressing themselves they need.

Generally speaking, bilingual children's overall proficiency in each language reflects the amount of time they spend in each. Thus, a child who has just returned from a visit to a grandparent where only one of the languages was used, may prefer to use only that language for awhile and, thus, may appear to have lost some proficiency in the other language. This is usually a short term, temporary shift in preference that is corrected once the child is exposed to the neglected language. It is important not to overreact to these temporary fluctuations in proficiency since they are usually temporary.

Parents can best ensure that their children achieve full proficiency in both languages by providing rich experiences with each and especially with the language that might otherwise not get strong support in the extended community; for example, a minority language such as Spanish or Chinese in North America. It is important in this regard that parents who do not speak the majority language of the community continue to use their native language so that they expose their child to varied and rich ways of using language. This is difficult to do if parents use a language that they are not proficient in. It is also important for parents to maintain use of heritage languages in the home because it is part of the family culture and an important part of the child's developing identity. It helps them feel unique and connected to their families.

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